Inflation as a monetary phenomenon?

Playing with this idea that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon… one would expect a very high correlation between the federal funds rate and the inflation rate. Also for shits and giggles let’s throw in the price of energy in the United States.

Here are my correlation coefficients:

CPI Energy Fed Funds
CPI 0.699622 0.714027
Energy 0.282622
Fed Funds

and what if we put in a 6 month lag?

CPI Energy Fed Funds
CPI 0.467863 0.717891
Energy 0.282622
Fed Funds

Now… I don’t want to be brash here… but when I see a correlation of 70%, I don’t immediately think it must be a causal relationship like Milton Friedman claims. I think such claims are wrong, and this data shows that inflation cannot be an inherently monetary phenomenon.

Source:

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/?g=VxU2

Brexit arguments

If you try to look at the arguments for Brexit for any length of time with any basic understanding of economics, it doesn’t take long to realize the problems with all of them. With Brexit in full force are starting to see a decrease in wages, an increase in inequality, and a loss of jobs to European Union member states. They still haven’t dealt with the really big problem of having an open border on Ireland between the UK and EU, which threatens to reopen the troubles as soon as they deal with it. The solution has been an effective internal border in the United Kingdom, which is something countries just love to have!

So the economic arguments are all stupid, they always have been, they always will be, and the proof of their foolishness is just growing by the day.

What about the “loss of foreign power” argument? Well, let’s take a look at the recognition of Kosovo in this lovely map from Wikipedia…

 

From Wikipedia

This is clearly complete bogus. Nothing about the European Union requires each member state to have the same foreign policy in regards to external relations except when it comes to things like trade where they need to have consensus for obvious reasons.

There is only one more argument in favor of Brexit:

I predict the UK will rejoin the European Union in 10 years.

Most effective state parties

When asking the question of which state parties are the most effective, one of the first questions I ask is how effective is the party at keeping control of a state. If this is how we define a political party to be effective, then the most effective parties are the ones who are able to maintain absolute control of state government for the longest period of time. We can define these parties as the most effective state parties in the party.

Using Wikipedia as our source, we can then derive a table of the most effective state parties, based on how long it has been since the minority party controlled each of several different offices. The most effective state party is then the one that has maintained absolute power the longest over the state government.

Some states can be immediately discounted because they have failed to maintain absolute control of the state’s government right now. These states are:

  1. Alaska
  2. Arizona
  3. Florida
  4. Georgia
  5. Iowa
  6. Kansas
  7. Kentucky
  8. Louisiana
  9. Maine
  10. Maryland
  11. Massachusets
  12. Michigan
  13. Minnesota
  14. Missouri
  15. New Hampshire
  16. North Carolina
  17. Ohio
  18. Oklahoma
  19. Pennsylvania
  20. Vermont
  21. Virginia
  22. West Virginia
  23. Wisconsin

These 23 states can be considered swing states.

For the Democrats, the following table can then be derived

State Governor Any state executive office Either state legislative chamber US Senate President Last R official
California 2010 2010 1996 1992 1984 2010
Connecticut 2010 2010 1996 1988 1988 2010
Hawaii 2010 2010 1962 1976 1984 2010
Rhode Island 2010 2010 1958 2006 1984 2010
New Jersey 2017 2017 2001 2013 1988 2017
Delaware 1992 2018 2008 2000 1988 2018
Illinois 2018 2018 2002 2016 1988 2018
New Mexico 2018 2018 2016 2008 2004 2018
New York 2006 2008 2018 1998 1984 2018
Colorado 2006 2018 2018 2020 2004 2020
Oregon 1986 2020 2006 2008 1984 2020
Washington 1984 2021 2017 2000 1984 2021
Nevada 2018 2022 2016 2018 2004 2022

These are the most effective Democratic parties in the country, with California, Connecticut, Hawaii, and Rhode Island being the most effective. Which of these four is the best Democratic party can be debated, based on your values and how you measure “best”. But in my view, there is no question that the most effective Democratic party is one of these 4.

For the Republicans, the following:

State Governor Any state executive office Either state legislative chamber US Senate President Last R official
Utah 1984 2000 1978 1976 1964 2000
Texas 1994 1998 2002 1994 1976 2002
Idaho 1994 2006 1960 1980 1964 2006
Tennessee 2010 2010 2008 1994 1996 2010
Wyoming 2010 2010 1966 1977 1964 2010
Nebraska 1998 2006 2012 1964 2012
Arkansas 2014 2014 2012 2014 1996 2014
South Carolina 2002 2014 2000 2004 1976 2014
South Dakota 1978 2006 1994 2014 1964 2014
Indiana 2004 2016 2010 2018 2008 2018
North Dakota 1992 2008 1994 2018 1964 2018
Alabama 2002 2010 2010 2020 1976 2020
Mississippi 2003 2020 2011 1988 1976 2020

The Republican Party of Utah has dominated the politics of that state more thoroughly and for a longer period of time than any other party in any other state, and Texas is a close second.

A big lesson from all of this is that pretty much every state can swing either way with enough campaigning and the right candidate.

Out of 50 states, 23 of them do not have one party completely dominating every political office.

13 states have Democrats dominate every aspect of state politics.

The other 13 states have Republicans dominate every aspect of state politics.

Out of the 26 states with total partisan control, 6 of those states have gained total party control since 2020. 17 states which saw a party gain and keep complete control since the 2010 midterms.

Only Texas, Utah, and Idaho have had one party dominate every aspect of political life since before the 2008 election.

 

The lesson of this is, no matter what state you live in, whether you are in the minority or the majority, no matter how daunting it may seem that the politics in your state are absolutely dominated by one party or another, things can always change. No party in any state has dominated every aspect of politics for more than 22 years. The majority of states (29 to be precise) have seen multiparty control since the 2020 election.

No state is guaranteed to have complete partisan control by one party or another.

With this knowledge, go vote now and be heard in this month’s election. Your vote counts.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party_strength_in_U.S._states and individual pages for each state.

Oldest genealogy tree possible

King Gyges of Lydia was King of Lydia (which ruled over Western Anatolia) in the 7th century BC. He founded the Ardys dynasty.

King Alyattes of Lydia (Gyges’ great-grandson) was most likely the great grandfather of King Cyrus the Great, through his daughter Aryenis.

King Cyrus the great was an 8th generation ancestor of King Darius.

King Darius’ daughter Stateira married Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great’s half-sister Thessalonike married King Cassander.

Cassander’s sister Phila was the grandmother of Basileus Antiochus II Theos of the Seleucid Empire. Phila is probably a direct ancestor of the Bagrationi dynasty of Georgia.

Antiochus II was the 7th generation ancestor of Pharnaces II of Pontus. (Antiochus IV Epiphanes -> Laodice -> Laodice)

Pharnaces II was probably the grandfather of King Aspurgus of Bosporus through his daughter Dynamis.

Aspurgus was likely a direct ancestor of King Rhescuporis of Bosporus. Assuming that is true based on coinage… the following is true.

Rhescuporis was the grandfather of King Aspacures of Iberia, in modern-day Georgia.

Aspacures was a direct ancestor of King Demeterius I of Georgia, and the current heir to the Georgian throne.

View the relationship on my personal database.

Is there another possible documented genealogical relationship which you can find? Can you beat 2660 years?

How we could have saved Roe

A common refrain among Democrats today is that “Ruth Bader Ginsburg should have resigned before Clinton lost, and that would have saved abortion.”

Let’s review this claim, by looking at different scenarios.

RBG retires early

If RBG retired before 2015, then Democrats could have replaced her with another Democrat. She could not have retired after 2015 successfully because McConnell successfully blocked every appointment Obama had a right to fill.

If RBG had retired before Republicans took the Senate in 2014 the Supreme Court and Trump still won then would have had the following makeup in 2020:

Liberal (4): Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan and Obama pick #3

Conservative (5): Roberts, Thomas, Gorsuch, Alito, Kavanaugh

Roe v Wade would still have been overturned.

We Vote for the Email lady

Hillary Clinton is elected, we do not take the Senate. Nothing else changes. What does the court look like in 2020:

Liberal (3): Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan

Conservative (4): Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kennedy

Roe v Wade would still have been overturned.

We Vote for the Email lady and elect a Democratic Senate

Liberal (5): Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan, Scalia replacement, Ginsburg replacement

Conservative (4): Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kennedy

Roe v Wade would have been protected.

This is the only path we had for truly protecting Roe v Wade.

 

The way American politics works, you need to keep the Senate to decide who joins the federal bench. That’s just how the system is designed.

 

Democrats need to keep the Senate.

British political crisis

We are currently witnessing the largest political crisis in the United Kingdom of the last century.

Recap:

In 2010 David Cameron became Prime Minister after Nick Clegg decided he would rather form a coalition with the mercantilist/fascist Tories versus the left-of-center Labour. I hope Nick Clegg burns in hell for eternity for what he did.

David Cameron actively campaigned for Brexit which I consider the stupidest foreign policy decision of self-sabotage of my lifetime a Democracy has put itself through. He was a terrible Prime Minister.

He was then replaced by “Brexit means Brexit” Theresa May who utterly failed to pull Britain out of the economic crisis it finds itself in. She is untalented, unintelligent, and one of the worst prime ministers in history. She will be noted by historians as one of their most incompetent and least influential prime ministers in their history. Some leaders make history, while others let history push them around. Theresa May is the latter.

Boris Johnson is a total brute. He has the mannerisms of Donald Trump and makes Arnold Rimmer look like a genius. He led Britain off the cliff.

When it became obvious that Boris Johnson’s policies were destroying the British economy, as the costs of trade barriers start to be felt by average Britons, he did what any other self-serving incompetent lemming does and jumped off a cliff. Because that is all he is good for.

Liz Truss became Prime Minister last month and led a campaign of tax cuts for the wealthy, and general economic armageddon as someone’s who’s brain has taken a complete holiday since she left university and drove the pound to be worth almost as little as the plastic it is printed on.

The Tories are incapable of leadership. Jeremy Corbyn is gone (thank God), and Nick Clegg is as politically relevant as George H. W. Bush at this point in time. It’s time for a new government where Britain sends the Tories to the back bench for a generation and elects either a Labour government, a Liberal Democrat government, or a coalition Labour-LibDem government.

I may be American, but these are my opinions. I want Britain to prosper, and I want the fascists out of office.

Honestly, this is far worse than any economic crisis Western Europe has seen since World War II. This is worse than the austerity crisis. The austerity crisis was caused by mercantilist governments of Northern Europe punishing southern European countries through the Euro for having an economic recession in 2008 (like everyone)  through policies which only made their economies worse. The British economic crisis we are witnessing is a 100% self-inflicted wound, caused only by the piss poor quality of most British media (basically with the exceptions of The Economist and the Financial Times, the only British publications worth the paper they are printed on), consistent lying by most British media and politicians (with the clear exception of Liberal Democrats and SNP) of what Brexit would have meant, and now we are seeing the consequence anyone with half a bachelor’s degree in economics could have easily predicted. This is worse than the austerity crisis for that reason alone.

Can you afford a passport

I was just thinking about a friend who had her identity stolen, and had no backup beyond her driver’s license which was the one document that had been stolen. If she had a passport, she would not have had her life ruined. It has cost her tens of thousands of dollars.

The average American makes $31,133 a year, or around $15.56 per hour if they work full time. The median earning of working people was $41,535 in 2020 or $20.77 per hour.

A passport costs $130, (plus $35 for the execution fee for new applicants) and a passport card costs $30. Both last for 10 years.

This means getting both a passport book and a passport card costs $195 for a new applicant. This adds up to $19.50 per year or $1.63 per month. 40 cents per week, 8 cents per day.

Having both means that when you apply for any job in the United States you just need to bring one of these two documents, which means that you still have your birth certificate, naturalization certificate (if applicable), marriage certificate (if applicable), driver’s license (most likely), and the one remaining document safe at home so you can still prove your identity if need be.

It also means that you will never have your identity fully stolen to the point where you won’t be able to prove who you are.

Is that worth 8 cents per day for you?

References:

https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2021/demo/p60-273.pdf

UBI-based inflation?

Many in the economic center and economic right are claiming that the stimulus payments are the cause of the inflation we are seeing now.

One such article is in the latest Economist. It is a rather unusual article for the Economist because it doesn’t include any graphs.

What if we actually do some basic graphing and try to look at the data, taking samples in January 2021, June 2021, January 2022, and the latest report.

Inflation seems to start to take off after January 2021.

                             Seasonally adjusted changes from
                                          preceding month
                                                                          Un-
                                                                       adjusted
                                                                        12-mos.
                              Dec.  Jan.  Feb.  Mar.  Apr.  May   June   ended
                              2020  2021  2021  2021  2021  2021  2021   June
                                                                         2021

 All items..................    .2    .3    .4    .6    .8    .6    .9      5.4
  Food......................    .3    .1    .2    .1    .4    .4    .8      2.4
   Food at home.............    .3   -.1    .3    .1    .4    .4    .8       .9
   Food away from home (1)..    .4    .3    .1    .1    .3    .6    .7      4.2
  Energy....................   2.6   3.5   3.9   5.0   -.1    .0   1.5     24.5
   Energy commodities.......   5.1   7.3   6.6   8.9  -1.4   -.6   2.6     44.2
    Gasoline (all types)....   5.2   7.4   6.4   9.1  -1.4   -.7   2.5     45.1
    Fuel oil (1)............  10.2   5.4   9.9   3.2  -3.2   2.1   2.9     44.5
   Energy services..........    .2   -.3    .9    .6   1.5    .7    .2      6.3
    Electricity.............    .4   -.2    .7    .0   1.2    .3   -.3      3.8
    Utility (piped) gas
       service..............   -.4   -.4   1.6   2.5   2.4   1.7   1.7     15.6
  All items less food and
     energy.................    .0    .0    .1    .3    .9    .7    .9      4.5
   Commodities less food and
      energy commodities....    .1    .1   -.2    .1   2.0   1.8   2.2      8.7
    New vehicles............    .4   -.5    .0    .0    .5   1.6   2.0      5.3
    Used cars and trucks....   -.9   -.9   -.9    .5  10.0   7.3  10.5     45.2
    Apparel.................    .9   2.2   -.7   -.3    .3   1.2    .7      4.9
    Medical care
       commodities (1)......   -.2   -.1   -.7    .1    .6    .0   -.4     -2.2
   Services less energy
      services..............    .0    .0    .2    .4    .5    .4    .4      3.1
    Shelter.................    .1    .1    .2    .3    .4    .3    .5      2.6
    Transportation services    -.6   -.3   -.1   1.8   2.9   1.5   1.5     10.4
    Medical care services...   -.1    .5    .5    .1    .0   -.1    .0      1.0

Source: BLS

So from this data, we can see that inflation ending June 2021 peaked at 5.4%. The increase in prices was concentrated in energy and used cars and trucks.

Did people end up spending most of their stimulus checks on used cars and trucks? It doesn’t seem to be the case.

We see that there was an uptick in inflation for commodities less food and energy commodities, but by itself, it doesn’t explain the higher inflation rate, and its increase seems to be from inflation in the used car market.

The culprit of inflation in 2021 is clearly an increase in the price of fossil fuels.

Table A. Percent changes in CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. city average

Seasonally adjusted changes from preceding month Un-
adjusted
12-mos.
ended
Aug. 2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Apr.
2022
May
2022
Jun.
2022
Jul.
2022
Aug.
2022

All items

0.8 1.2 0.3 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.1 8.3

Food

1.0 1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.8 11.4

Food at home

1.4 1.5 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3 0.7 13.5

Food away from home(1)

0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 8.0

Energy

3.5 11.0 -2.7 3.9 7.5 -4.6 -5.0 23.8

Energy commodities

6.7 18.1 -5.4 4.5 10.4 -7.6 -10.1 27.1

Gasoline (all types)

6.6 18.3 -6.1 4.1 11.2 -7.7 -10.6 25.6

Fuel oil(1)

7.7 22.3 2.7 16.9 -1.2 -11.0 -5.9 68.8

Energy services

-0.4 1.8 1.3 3.0 3.5 0.1 2.1 19.8

Electricity

-1.1 2.2 0.7 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.5 15.8

Utility (piped) gas service

1.5 0.6 3.1 8.0 8.2 -3.6 3.5 33.0

All items less food and energy

0.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.6 6.3

Commodities less food and energy commodities

0.4 -0.4 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.5 7.1

New vehicles

0.3 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.8 10.1

Used cars and trucks

-0.2 -3.8 -0.4 1.8 1.6 -0.4 -0.1 7.8

Apparel

0.7 0.6 -0.8 0.7 0.8 -0.1 0.2 5.1

Medical care commodities(1)

0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.2 4.1

Services less energy services

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.6 6.1

Shelter

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 6.2

Transportation services

1.4 2.0 3.1 1.3 2.1 -0.5 0.5 11.3

Medical care services

0.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.8 5.6

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.

Source: BLS

This data from the latest report (for August, September hasn’t been released yet) shows that energy has increased by 23.8% over the last year. Other items have increased in prices as well, but the bulk of our inflation woes comes from the increase in energy prices, and this has been true for two years now.

So unless if Americans simply took their stimulus checks and then just bought a ton of oil (which again, no one is reporting) it appears that the issue is from increase oil prices GLOBALLY.

Plus, the inflation rate has lasted for several years, as oil prices have continued to be high, not just in the United States, but also around the world.

The inflation rate is probably not from just the stimulus checks. It is due to our dependence on oil. It’s right there in the data. This global increase in the price of oil is also occuring as America produces more oil than it consumes.

Increasing domestic oil production will not save us from inflation.

Only moving to a diversified renewable energy system which is not only dependent on fossil fuels will save us from inflation rates like we have been seeing.

It is not from stimulus checks.

A fourth tunnel from New Jersey

The Port Authority Bus Terminal is currently the busiest bus terminal in the world, and it’s running at capacity. It is clear that something needs to be done.

First and foremost, let’s deal with this argument that we don’t have the money. From 2010-2019 the United States built 2103 new miles of transit and 21,950 new miles of roads, according to StreetsBlog.

We have the money, we just don’t have the political will.

Is transit worth investing in? Well, given that highways can carry up to 2000 cars per hour per lane, and light rail (which is less efficient than heavy rail) can carry 12,000 passengers per hour per track, according to Seattle Transit blog, a highway expansion would have to be 1/6 the cost per mile to have the same cost efficiency as building another mile of rail.

Mode Cost per mile passengers per mile Cost per passenger mile
Light Rail $50 million 12,000 $4,166
Heavy Rail $100 million >24,000 lowest
Highway $10 million 2,000 $5,000

Given that heavy rail serves the most people at the lowest cost per passenger mile, routes that can properly fill a heavy rail car reliably should be candidates for building new heavy rail by any cost-optimizing transit agency.

Nowhere in North America could so benefit from a heavy rail connection like the connections between New York and New Jersey.

It is estimated that the cost of building two new Hudson River tunnels will cost $16 billion dollars (or $8 billion per tunnel) and this should obviously be heavy rail because of the larger numbers of people that tunnel can carry. For comparison, the I-405 improvement project in Southern California cost over $2 billion dollars and will carry probably fewer than 10% as many people, making the Hudson River tunnels, even though $16 billion sounds like a lot of money, a far better investment than a typical highway improvement project. It should be built. As Seattle Transit Blog cites, bus service is almost always more expensive than rail service in the long run, controlling for the number of passengers it will carry. Having lower costs means you can have better service in other places, and spend money more efficiently to serve more people in more places. This will allow better transit service in New Jersey, allowing more local connections to more people.

One of these tunnels should connect near the Port Authority Bus terminal, and give easy connections to the New York Subway.

The bigger question however is where should that rail line go? Looking at a population density map, no area of New Jersey in the Greater New  York City area has a population density under 5000 people per square mile (according to the 2010 census).

Reference: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/New_Jersey_Population_Map.png

So what I propose is this… you would have a small spur which connects up with existing train lines which lead to Newark and south of their, this will be low cost and significantly increase capacity on this extremely crowded route. There would be 4 trains running out from the 34th street station into New Jersey. They will terminate in the largest suburbs in the northern New Jersey section of the Greater New York metropolitan area:

  • Newark (low cost, high reward)
  • Paterson
  • Clifton
  • Passaic

We can run those 4 trains at 2 minute headways leaving the station, allowing for one train for each of these four routes every 8 minutes, or around 9 trains per hour to each of these four cities. This will free up space for more conencting bus routes in New Jersey and allow for more bus routes heading into the Port Authority Bus Terminal, leading to a smoother experience for everybody.

This will significantly increase the capacity of the tunnel, making for a more efficient experience. As long as the cost of the project is below $20 billion, it will still be a more economical project than many highway projects we routinely fund around the country.

We should invest in the Hudson River tunnels and finish them as soon as possible, without spiralling budgets.

References:

https://www.trb.org/publications/tcrp/tcrp_webdoc_6-c.pdf

Heavy Rail

Hudson River tunnel costs jump again

Rebuilding the Busiest Highway in America: The I-405 Improvement Project

 

Republican governors 2022

Let’s do a quick roundup of Republican governors and see if they are fit for office.

Ron DeSantis and Greg Abbott would rather spend millions of dollars flying refugees to Martha’s Vineyard than ensuring they have the resources necessary for the ongoing hurricane season. Does this seem like a reasonable use of taxpayer money?

Eric Holcomb of Indiana is levying a new tax on college graduates.  What happened to “read my lips, no new taxes”?

Kristi Noem of South Dakota has used her office to get her daughter jobs beyond what is legal and has used state funds to purchase decorations for her personal home. Does this sound like an appropriate use of power to you?

With Republicans like these, why keep electing them?

Vote Democrat.